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基于基础海报[image1]，保持原蓝白科技学术风格，按照以下要求修改： 1. 在RESEARCH BACKGROUND板块之前新增一个板块，标题为"Abstract"，完整添加以下内容： To a

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2026.07.20
基于基础海报[image1]，整合[image2]中的新增板块内容，生成竖版学术海报，尺寸为59.4 cm × 84.1 cm，对应比例约为2:3竖版。要求： 1. 在RESEARCH BACKGROUND板块之前新增完整的Abstract板块，包含用户提供的全部内容 2. 新增完整的Core Method Framework板块，包含所有公式和要点，内容为： ■ Proposed Control Scheme: STA + STSMC ▎Sliding Surface Design — Second-Order Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode Surface Embed the first-order integral fast terminal sliding surface into the second-order non-singular terminal sliding surface structure: First-order sliding variable: s_{1d} = e_d + \int (c_{ed} \cdot e_d + c_{td} \cdot e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau Second-order sliding variable: s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd} \cdot (\dot{s}_{1d})^{m/n} Where: • e_d = i_d^* - i_d is the d-axis current tracking error • α, β are positive odd numbers, satisfying α < β • m, n are positive odd numbers, satisfying 1 < m/n < 2 • c_{ed}, c_{td}, c_{nd} are positive coefficients Design Features: ✓ Retains the chattering suppression advantage of the first-order integral fast sliding mode ✓ Has the fast convergence characteristic of the second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode near the equilibrium point ✓ Avoids the singularity problem ▎Reaching Law Design — Super-Twisting Algorithm (STA) Super-twisting sliding mode reaching law expression: \dot{s} = -p \cdot |s|^{1/2} \cdot \text{sign}(s) + y \dot{y} = -i \cdot \int \text{sign}(s) dt Nonlinear control term: u_{sw} = L_0 \cdot [ p \cdot |s|^{1/2} \cdot \text{sign}(s) + \int i \cdot \text{sign}(s) dt ] Design Advantages: ✓ Introduces the sign function into the integral term of the control voltage, which is beneficial to chattering suppression ✓ Ensures fast convergence of sliding variables in finite time ✓ Achieves zero-static-error current tracking 3. 新增完整的Simulation Verification Results板块，包含所有实验条件和结论，并排嵌入对比曲线图[image3] (b) STA+STSSMC 和 [image4] (a) STSSMC，缩小两张图片，保证两张图片的总面积不超过整个海报面积的1/10，保持图片清晰 4. Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis: Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 保持原蓝白渐变科技学术风格一致，整体版式为竖版多栏布局，协调排版所有板块，保留原海报所有已有文字和作者信息，保持所有文字为英文，字号协调清晰，公式准确渲染，所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字精确渲染，保证印刷清晰度。基于基础海报[image1]，整合[image2]中的新增板块内容，生成竖版学术海报，尺寸为59.4 cm × 84.1 cm，对应比例约为2:3竖版。要求： 1. 在RESEARCH BACKGROUND板块之前新增完整的Abstract板块，包含用户提供的全部内容 2. 新增完整的Core Method Framework板块，包含所有公式和要点，内容为： ■ Proposed Control Scheme: STA + STSMC ▎Sliding Surface Design — Second-Order Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode Surface Embed the first-order integral fast terminal sliding surface into the second-order non-singular terminal sliding surface structure: First-order sliding variable: s_{1d} = e_d + \int (c_{ed} \cdot e_d + c_{td} \cdot e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau Second-order sliding variable: s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd} \cdot (\dot{s}_{1d})^{m/n} Where: • e_d = i_d^* - i_d is the d-axis current tracking error • α, β are positive odd numbers, satisfying α < β • m, n are positive odd numbers, satisfying 1 < m/n < 2 • c_{ed}, c_{td}, c_{nd} are positive coefficients Design Features: ✓ Retains the chattering suppression advantage of the first-order integral fast sliding mode ✓ Has the fast convergence characteristic of the second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode near the equilibrium point ✓ Avoids the singularity problem ▎Reaching Law Design — Super-Twisting Algorithm (STA) Super-twisting sliding mode reaching law expression: \dot{s} = -p \cdot |s|^{1/2} \cdot \text{sign}(s) + y \dot{y} = -i \cdot \int \text{sign}(s) dt Nonlinear control term: u_{sw} = L_0 \cdot [ p \cdot |s|^{1/2} \cdot \text{sign}(s) + \int i \cdot \text{sign}(s) dt ] Design Advantages: ✓ Introduces the sign function into the integral term of the control voltage, which is beneficial to chattering suppression ✓ Ensures fast convergence of sliding variables in finite time ✓ Achieves zero-static-error current tracking 3. 新增完整的Simulation Verification Results板块，包含所有实验条件和结论，并排嵌入对比曲线图[image3] (b) STA+STSSMC 和 [image4] (a) STSSMC，缩小两张图片，保证两张图片的总面积不超过整个海报面积的1/10，保持图片清晰 4. Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis: Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 保持原蓝白渐变科技学术风格一致，整体版式为竖版多栏布局，协调排版所有板块，保留原海报所有已有文字和作者信息，保持所有文字为英文，字号协调清晰，公式准确渲染，所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字精确渲染，保证印刷清晰度。
创意 × 2
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.
创意 × 2
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.Professional academic conference poster, minimalist deep blue technology style, light blue and white gradient background, dark blue title text, professional and elegant. The layout is divided into 6 clear sections: top conference area, author & affiliation area, research background area, proposed method area, simulation results area, conclusion & footer area. Use light blue dividing lines between sections, beautiful layout, clear information hierarchy. Must present all the following text information completely: Top section: "2026 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems", Paper ID: "ICEMS2026-XXXX" Main title: "Second-Order Terminal Sliding Mode Current Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Super-Twisting Reaching Law" Authors & Affiliation: "Bingbing Li¹, Shuying Yang¹*, Zizhen Fan¹, Lei Chen¹, Jianxia Hao¹, Yixing Ma¹ ¹ School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China *Corresponding Author: yangsy@hfut.edu.cn" Research Background: "Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely used due to its high efficiency and high power density. Conventional sliding mode control has the prominent problem of high-frequency chattering, and there is an inherent contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection." Proposed Method: STA + STSMC Second-order non-singular terminal sliding mode surface: 1. e_d = i_d^* - i_d 2. s_{1d} = e_d + \int_0^t (c_{ed}e_d + c_{td}e_d^{\alpha/\beta}) d\tau 3. s_{2d} = s_{1d} + c_{nd}\dot{s}_{1d}^{m/n} Super-twisting reaching law: \dot{s} = -p|s|^{1/2}\text{sign}(s) + y, \dot{y} = -q\,\text{sign}(s) Advantages: Retains the advantage of chattering suppression, achieves fast convergence in finite time, avoids singularity problem. Simulation Results Comparison: | Performance Index | Conventional SFTSMC | Proposed STA-STSMC | | --- | --- | --- | | d-q axis current chattering amplitude | ≤ 2.5 A | ≤ 0.8 A | | Chattering reduction | — | ~68% lower | | Control voltage chattering | High | Reduced to < 1/3 | Conclusion: This paper proposes a current loop controller combining advanced STSMC sliding surface and improved super-twisting reaching law, aiming at the problems of large chattering and contradiction between chattering suppression and disturbance rejection in traditional sliding mode current control of PMSM. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed STA-STSMC current control scheme can effectively suppress the influence of system chattering on current, significantly improve steady-state accuracy and disturbance rejection ability while improving current dynamic response, providing an effective current control solution for high-performance PMSM drive systems. Footer Contact: "Contact: sdulbb@163.com | Paper ID: ICEMS2026-XXXX" All numbers must be rendered accurately, no misalignment, omission or fabrication. All QR code areas shall be presented with solid color square placeholders with the text "QR Code Placeholder" marked in the center. It is strictly forbidden to generate any recognizable QR code patterns. All information areas must be filled with complete and reasonable content, no blank frames or blank placeholders. Minimalist academic style, deep blue and light blue color scheme, professional and clear, neat fonts, all text clearly readable, 2K resolution.
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
将这张IEEE电力电子学术会议海报从三栏改为两栏布局，保持A1竖版比例，白底深蓝#003366主题色，橙色#cc5500结论强调色，所有原有内容完整保留，仅重新排列为左右两栏。 【顶部通栏保持不变】 - 左上角IEEE Power Electronics标志 - 右上角Paper ID空白框 - 居中超大标题：Modeling and Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling Stability Impedance of Electric Drive System for New Energy Vehicles - 标题下方作者+合肥工业大学+邮箱一行 - 深蓝色横线分隔 【主体改为左右两栏均等布局】 ■ 左栏（50%宽度）——建模与理论 1. 分区标题"1. Research Background"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.1 EV Powertrain Schematic 新能源整车原理图 - 下方2行短句项目符号 2. 分区标题"2. Electrical Side Model"（深蓝底白字） - 两张并排图：Fig.2 并网逆变器小信号电路、Fig.3 PMSM dq控制框图 - 下方1行小字说明 3. 分区标题"3. Mechanical Double-Inertia Model"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.4 Dual-Inertia Drive Train 双质量传动系统结构图 - 下方参数表格（Jm, Jl, Ks） ■ 右栏（50%宽度）——判据与结果 1. 分区标题"4. Stability Criterion"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.5 Unified Impedance Model 统一阻抗等效模型 - 公式 Rz(s) = Ze(s) / Zm(s) - Nyquist判据一句话 - 大图：Fig.6 Nyquist Plot 奈奎斯特图 2. 分区标题"5. Parameter Analysis"（深蓝底白字） - 3张图上下堆叠： Fig.7 Current Loop Bandwidth Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.8 Shaft Stiffness Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.9 Speed Variation Comparison + 趋势短句 3. 分区标题"6. Conclusions"（深蓝底白字） - 浅蓝底色文字框，3条橙色项目符号短句结论 【底部通栏保持不变】 - 深蓝色横线分隔 - 3条极小字号IEEE参考文献 【设计规则】 - 两栏宽度均等，中间有适当间距 - 每个模块保持深蓝标题栏+白色内容区+虚线图框的卡片式设计 - 所有原图、公式、文字、数据完整保留，仅重新排列组合 - 图表占比约70%，文字30%，保持极简风格 - 字体：标题Arial Bold，正文Arial，公式Cambria Math风格 - 版式精美，两栏视觉平衡，网格对齐严谨 - 整体IEEE电力电子会议专业学术风格不变 画面中所有信息区域必须填充完整合理的内容，不得出现空白框；所有数字必须精确渲染，不得错位、遗漏或编造。将这张IEEE电力电子学术会议海报从三栏改为两栏布局，保持A1竖版比例，白底深蓝#003366主题色，橙色#cc5500结论强调色，所有原有内容完整保留，仅重新排列为左右两栏。 【顶部通栏保持不变】 - 左上角IEEE Power Electronics标志 - 右上角Paper ID空白框 - 居中超大标题：Modeling and Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling Stability Impedance of Electric Drive System for New Energy Vehicles - 标题下方作者+合肥工业大学+邮箱一行 - 深蓝色横线分隔 【主体改为左右两栏均等布局】 ■ 左栏（50%宽度）——建模与理论 1. 分区标题"1. Research Background"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.1 EV Powertrain Schematic 新能源整车原理图 - 下方2行短句项目符号 2. 分区标题"2. Electrical Side Model"（深蓝底白字） - 两张并排图：Fig.2 并网逆变器小信号电路、Fig.3 PMSM dq控制框图 - 下方1行小字说明 3. 分区标题"3. Mechanical Double-Inertia Model"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.4 Dual-Inertia Drive Train 双质量传动系统结构图 - 下方参数表格（Jm, Jl, Ks） ■ 右栏（50%宽度）——判据与结果 1. 分区标题"4. Stability Criterion"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.5 Unified Impedance Model 统一阻抗等效模型 - 公式 Rz(s) = Ze(s) / Zm(s) - Nyquist判据一句话 - 大图：Fig.6 Nyquist Plot 奈奎斯特图 2. 分区标题"5. Parameter Analysis"（深蓝底白字） - 3张图上下堆叠： Fig.7 Current Loop Bandwidth Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.8 Shaft Stiffness Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.9 Speed Variation Comparison + 趋势短句 3. 分区标题"6. Conclusions"（深蓝底白字） - 浅蓝底色文字框，3条橙色项目符号短句结论 【底部通栏保持不变】 - 深蓝色横线分隔 - 3条极小字号IEEE参考文献 【设计规则】 - 两栏宽度均等，中间有适当间距 - 每个模块保持深蓝标题栏+白色内容区+虚线图框的卡片式设计 - 所有原图、公式、文字、数据完整保留，仅重新排列组合 - 图表占比约70%，文字30%，保持极简风格 - 字体：标题Arial Bold，正文Arial，公式Cambria Math风格 - 版式精美，两栏视觉平衡，网格对齐严谨 - 整体IEEE电力电子会议专业学术风格不变 画面中所有信息区域必须填充完整合理的内容，不得出现空白框；所有数字必须精确渲染，不得错位、遗漏或编造。
1r9grw9h8ecPpyPA-HB1r9grw9h8ecPpyPA-HB
将这张IEEE电力电子学术会议海报从三栏改为两栏布局，保持A1竖版比例，白底深蓝#003366主题色，橙色#cc5500结论强调色，所有原有内容完整保留，仅重新排列为左右两栏。 【顶部通栏保持不变】 - 左上角IEEE Power Electronics标志 - 右上角Paper ID空白框 - 居中超大标题：Modeling and Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling Stability Impedance of Electric Drive System for New Energy Vehicles - 标题下方作者+合肥工业大学+邮箱一行 - 深蓝色横线分隔 【主体改为左右两栏均等布局】 ■ 左栏（50%宽度）——建模与理论 1. 分区标题"1. Research Background"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.1 EV Powertrain Schematic 新能源整车原理图 - 下方2行短句项目符号 2. 分区标题"2. Electrical Side Model"（深蓝底白字） - 两张并排图：Fig.2 并网逆变器小信号电路、Fig.3 PMSM dq控制框图 - 下方1行小字说明 3. 分区标题"3. Mechanical Double-Inertia Model"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.4 Dual-Inertia Drive Train 双质量传动系统结构图 - 下方参数表格（Jm, Jl, Ks） ■ 右栏（50%宽度）——判据与结果 1. 分区标题"4. Stability Criterion"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.5 Unified Impedance Model 统一阻抗等效模型 - 公式 Rz(s) = Ze(s) / Zm(s) - Nyquist判据一句话 - 大图：Fig.6 Nyquist Plot 奈奎斯特图 2. 分区标题"5. Parameter Analysis"（深蓝底白字） - 3张图上下堆叠： Fig.7 Current Loop Bandwidth Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.8 Shaft Stiffness Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.9 Speed Variation Comparison + 趋势短句 3. 分区标题"6. Conclusions"（深蓝底白字） - 浅蓝底色文字框，3条橙色项目符号短句结论 【底部通栏保持不变】 - 深蓝色横线分隔 - 3条极小字号IEEE参考文献 【设计规则】 - 两栏宽度均等，中间有适当间距 - 每个模块保持深蓝标题栏+白色内容区+虚线图框的卡片式设计 - 所有原图、公式、文字、数据完整保留，仅重新排列组合 - 图表占比约70%，文字30%，保持极简风格 - 字体：标题Arial Bold，正文Arial，公式Cambria Math风格 - 版式精美，两栏视觉平衡，网格对齐严谨 - 整体IEEE电力电子会议专业学术风格不变 画面中所有信息区域必须填充完整合理的内容，不得出现空白框；所有数字必须精确渲染，不得错位、遗漏或编造。将这张IEEE电力电子学术会议海报从三栏改为两栏布局，保持A1竖版比例，白底深蓝#003366主题色，橙色#cc5500结论强调色，所有原有内容完整保留，仅重新排列为左右两栏。 【顶部通栏保持不变】 - 左上角IEEE Power Electronics标志 - 右上角Paper ID空白框 - 居中超大标题：Modeling and Analysis of Electromechanical Coupling Stability Impedance of Electric Drive System for New Energy Vehicles - 标题下方作者+合肥工业大学+邮箱一行 - 深蓝色横线分隔 【主体改为左右两栏均等布局】 ■ 左栏（50%宽度）——建模与理论 1. 分区标题"1. Research Background"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.1 EV Powertrain Schematic 新能源整车原理图 - 下方2行短句项目符号 2. 分区标题"2. Electrical Side Model"（深蓝底白字） - 两张并排图：Fig.2 并网逆变器小信号电路、Fig.3 PMSM dq控制框图 - 下方1行小字说明 3. 分区标题"3. Mechanical Double-Inertia Model"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.4 Dual-Inertia Drive Train 双质量传动系统结构图 - 下方参数表格（Jm, Jl, Ks） ■ 右栏（50%宽度）——判据与结果 1. 分区标题"4. Stability Criterion"（深蓝底白字） - 大图：Fig.5 Unified Impedance Model 统一阻抗等效模型 - 公式 Rz(s) = Ze(s) / Zm(s) - Nyquist判据一句话 - 大图：Fig.6 Nyquist Plot 奈奎斯特图 2. 分区标题"5. Parameter Analysis"（深蓝底白字） - 3张图上下堆叠： Fig.7 Current Loop Bandwidth Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.8 Shaft Stiffness Comparison + 趋势短句 Fig.9 Speed Variation Comparison + 趋势短句 3. 分区标题"6. Conclusions"（深蓝底白字） - 浅蓝底色文字框，3条橙色项目符号短句结论 【底部通栏保持不变】 - 深蓝色横线分隔 - 3条极小字号IEEE参考文献 【设计规则】 - 两栏宽度均等，中间有适当间距 - 每个模块保持深蓝标题栏+白色内容区+虚线图框的卡片式设计 - 所有原图、公式、文字、数据完整保留，仅重新排列组合 - 图表占比约70%，文字30%，保持极简风格 - 字体：标题Arial Bold，正文Arial，公式Cambria Math风格 - 版式精美，两栏视觉平衡，网格对齐严谨 - 整体IEEE电力电子会议专业学术风格不变 画面中所有信息区域必须填充完整合理的内容，不得出现空白框；所有数字必须精确渲染，不得错位、遗漏或编造。
1r9grw9h8ecPpyPA-HB1r9grw9h8ecPpyPA-HB
参考此海报的版式结构、蓝白科技配色和文字风格，在Simulation Results Comparison板块上方新增一个板块，标题为"Simulation Verification Results"，完整添加以下内容： Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 将提供的两张对比图并排放在该板块中，左侧为图(a) STSSMC，右侧为图(b) STA+STSSMC，保留原有图片中的标注和曲线，保持图片清晰。保留原海报所有已有内容不变，保持所有内容均为英文，保持整体版式协调，字号与其他正文区域一致（13-17pt），保持原蓝白渐变科技风，图标风格一致，所有公式清晰准确渲染。画面中所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字必须精确渲染参考此海报的版式结构、蓝白科技配色和文字风格，在Simulation Results Comparison板块上方新增一个板块，标题为"Simulation Verification Results"，完整添加以下内容： Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 将提供的两张对比图并排放在该板块中，左侧为图(a) STSSMC，右侧为图(b) STA+STSSMC，保留原有图片中的标注和曲线，保持图片清晰。保留原海报所有已有内容不变，保持所有内容均为英文，保持整体版式协调，字号与其他正文区域一致（13-17pt），保持原蓝白渐变科技风，图标风格一致，所有公式清晰准确渲染。画面中所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字必须精确渲染
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
参考此海报的版式结构、蓝白科技配色和文字风格，在Simulation Results Comparison板块上方新增一个板块，标题为"Simulation Verification Results"，完整添加以下内容： Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 将提供的两张对比图并排放在该板块中，左侧为图(a) STSSMC，右侧为图(b) STA+STSSMC，保留原有图片中的标注和曲线，保持图片清晰。保留原海报所有已有内容不变，保持所有内容均为英文，保持整体版式协调，字号与其他正文区域一致（13-17pt），保持原蓝白渐变科技风，图标风格一致，所有公式清晰准确渲染。画面中所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字必须精确渲染参考此海报的版式结构、蓝白科技配色和文字风格，在Simulation Results Comparison板块上方新增一个板块，标题为"Simulation Verification Results"，完整添加以下内容： Simulation Verification and Comparative Analysis Experimental Conditions: • Motor speed: 3000 r/min • d-axis reference current: i_d^* = -50 A (constant) • q-axis reference current: i_q^* steps from 20A to 87A at t=0.02s • Comparison target: conventional exponential reaching law SFTSMC vs. the proposed STA+STSMC Main Conclusions: • The proposed scheme reduces the control voltage chattering amplitude to less than 1/3 of the conventional scheme at rated speed • Effectively solves the problems of low steady-state accuracy and large current fluctuation caused by large chattering in traditional sliding mode current control • Ensures that the motor current state can track the reference signal in finite time 将提供的两张对比图并排放在该板块中，左侧为图(a) STSSMC，右侧为图(b) STA+STSSMC，保留原有图片中的标注和曲线，保持图片清晰。保留原海报所有已有内容不变，保持所有内容均为英文，保持整体版式协调，字号与其他正文区域一致（13-17pt），保持原蓝白渐变科技风，图标风格一致，所有公式清晰准确渲染。画面中所有二维码区域使用纯色方块占位符呈现，方块中央标注"QR Code Placeholder"文字，严禁生成任何可识别的二维码图案，所有文字必须精确渲染
1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB1r998zirfkPItvzg-HB
万否万否
1q0gqvr47p1glcuae-HB1q0gqvr47p1glcuae-HB
重新生成这张技术流程图，标题"From LM-ResNet to MF-LM-ResNet: A Synergy of Accuracy and Efficiency"，左面板LM-ResNet (Accuracy Optimization)，垂直堆叠6个绿色矩形残差块，每个标记"Residual Block F(x_n)"，每个块都有实线红色箭头标记"1 - k_n"来自上一个块输出x_n，虚线橙色箭头标记"k_n"来自上方两个块x_{n-1}，旁边展示公式"x_{n+1} = (1-k_n)x_n + k_n·x_{n-1} + F(x_n)"，标注框解释"Linear Multi-step: Uses historical state (x_{n-1}) for higher-order accuracy (O(h³))"。中间面板MeanFlow Core Idea (Efficiency Distillation)，左侧堆叠的绿色残差块被压缩汇聚到一个大蓝色菱形模块，模块标记"MeanFlow Module: Learns ū_θ"，输入公式"ū = 1/Δt ∫ f_LM dt (Average Velocity)"，输出公式"x_out = x_in + ū_θ · Δt (Single-step Mapping)"，标注框解释"Distillation: Replaces multi-step integration with a learned average velocity field."。右面板MF-LM-ResNet (Accuracy & Efficiency Synergy)，简化为2个阶段，每个阶段包含一个蓝色菱形MF模块，保留和左侧相同的双输入结构：红色箭头x_n和橙色箭头x_{n-1}带参数k_n，展示公式"x_{n+1} = (1-k_n)x_n + k_n·x_{n-1} + ū_θ(x_n)"，标注框总结"MF-LM-ResNet: Combines LM's accuracy (historical states) with MF's efficiency (single-step per stage)."。底部是对比表格，表头为Model | Parameters | Accuracy | Mechanism，包含LM-ResNet和MF-LM-ResNet两行对比数据。整体为干净极简的技术信息图，白色背景，保持原参考图的布局和配色：绿色原始块、蓝色MeanFlow模块、红色当前路径、橙色历史路径，箭头清晰标注，公式放在整齐方框内，风格和上传参考图一致。重新生成这张技术流程图，标题"From LM-ResNet to MF-LM-ResNet: A Synergy of Accuracy and Efficiency"，左面板LM-ResNet (Accuracy Optimization)，垂直堆叠6个绿色矩形残差块，每个标记"Residual Block F(x_n)"，每个块都有实线红色箭头标记"1 - k_n"来自上一个块输出x_n，虚线橙色箭头标记"k_n"来自上方两个块x_{n-1}，旁边展示公式"x_{n+1} = (1-k_n)x_n + k_n·x_{n-1} + F(x_n)"，标注框解释"Linear Multi-step: Uses historical state (x_{n-1}) for higher-order accuracy (O(h³))"。中间面板MeanFlow Core Idea (Efficiency Distillation)，左侧堆叠的绿色残差块被压缩汇聚到一个大蓝色菱形模块，模块标记"MeanFlow Module: Learns ū_θ"，输入公式"ū = 1/Δt ∫ f_LM dt (Average Velocity)"，输出公式"x_out = x_in + ū_θ · Δt (Single-step Mapping)"，标注框解释"Distillation: Replaces multi-step integration with a learned average velocity field."。右面板MF-LM-ResNet (Accuracy & Efficiency Synergy)，简化为2个阶段，每个阶段包含一个蓝色菱形MF模块，保留和左侧相同的双输入结构：红色箭头x_n和橙色箭头x_{n-1}带参数k_n，展示公式"x_{n+1} = (1-k_n)x_n + k_n·x_{n-1} + ū_θ(x_n)"，标注框总结"MF-LM-ResNet: Combines LM's accuracy (historical states) with MF's efficiency (single-step per stage)."。底部是对比表格，表头为Model | Parameters | Accuracy | Mechanism，包含LM-ResNet和MF-LM-ResNet两行对比数据。整体为干净极简的技术信息图，白色背景，保持原参考图的布局和配色：绿色原始块、蓝色MeanFlow模块、红色当前路径、橙色历史路径，箭头清晰标注，公式放在整齐方框内，风格和上传参考图一致。
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全英文竖版A0学术海报，主题为"Infinite Series and Its Engineering Applications", subtitle "Simplification of Complex Problems and Engineering Practice Based on Series Approximation". Color scheme: blue and white main tones with orange accents for highlighting. Font: title is Calibri Bold, body is Calibri, formulas are Times New Roman. Top banner centered title. Clear section hierarchy: 1. Top-left section (1/4 page) "Research Background and Core Ideas", text includes core positioning, core idea, core application directions, with minimalist vector: discrete point set fitting continuous curve, label "Discrete → Continuous", decorate with symbols ∑, eˣ, sinx. 2. Top-middle section (1/4 page) "Series Approximation Methods", text description, with table: Taylor Series, Fourier Series, Power Series and core characteristics, text explain core advantages, with three-column contrast vectors: Taylor series (local tangent fitting with formula), Fourier series (sine waves叠加周期曲线 with formula), Power series (expansion in convergence interval with formula). 3. Top-right section (1/4 page) "Method Adaptability and Engineering Value", text includes method adaptation, accuracy-efficiency tradeoff, core engineering value, with vector diagram: left mechanical bearing vibration detection, right building structure stress analysis, center bidirectional arrow "Accuracy ↔ Efficiency". 4. Bottom-left & center section (1/3 page) "Approximation Results and Key Conclusions", text includes three checked core results, key conclusion and future outlook, with info graph: "Core Tool" at center, radiate "Engineering Scenarios", "Technical Advantages", "Future Directions", each with icon (gear, dashboard, AI robot). All text in English, professional academic style, clear layout, technology sense, A0 vertical version.全英文竖版A0学术海报，主题为"Infinite Series and Its Engineering Applications", subtitle "Simplification of Complex Problems and Engineering Practice Based on Series Approximation". Color scheme: blue and white main tones with orange accents for highlighting. Font: title is Calibri Bold, body is Calibri, formulas are Times New Roman. Top banner centered title. Clear section hierarchy: 1. Top-left section (1/4 page) "Research Background and Core Ideas", text includes core positioning, core idea, core application directions, with minimalist vector: discrete point set fitting continuous curve, label "Discrete → Continuous", decorate with symbols ∑, eˣ, sinx. 2. Top-middle section (1/4 page) "Series Approximation Methods", text description, with table: Taylor Series, Fourier Series, Power Series and core characteristics, text explain core advantages, with three-column contrast vectors: Taylor series (local tangent fitting with formula), Fourier series (sine waves叠加周期曲线 with formula), Power series (expansion in convergence interval with formula). 3. Top-right section (1/4 page) "Method Adaptability and Engineering Value", text includes method adaptation, accuracy-efficiency tradeoff, core engineering value, with vector diagram: left mechanical bearing vibration detection, right building structure stress analysis, center bidirectional arrow "Accuracy ↔ Efficiency". 4. Bottom-left & center section (1/3 page) "Approximation Results and Key Conclusions", text includes three checked core results, key conclusion and future outlook, with info graph: "Core Tool" at center, radiate "Engineering Scenarios", "Technical Advantages", "Future Directions", each with icon (gear, dashboard, AI robot). All text in English, professional academic style, clear layout, technology sense, A0 vertical version.
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用户gP4lUSjx用户gP4lUSjx
变成16：9变成16：9
创意 × 1
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补上流程图的箭头补上流程图的箭头
创意 × 1
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